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1.
Andes Pediatr ; 94(1): 29-36, 2023 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37906868

RESUMO

In Chilean children and adolescents, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection prevalence is unknown. In 2014, the HPV vaccine was incorporated into the National Immunization Program for girls, and since 2019 for boys. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence, genotypes, and characteristics of HPV infection in children and adolescents with anogenital lesions not vaccinated against HPV. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Children and adolescents with anogenital lesions who consulted at the Luis Calvo Mackenna Children's Hospital between 2013 and 2017 were studied. The reason for consultation, age, sex, family history of HPV lesions, history of sexual abuse, and consensual sexual activity were recorded. HPV was detected by PCR and typification by reverse hybridization of the L1 gene. The samples were analyzed in the Oncogenic Virus Section of the Institute of Public Health. RESULTS: 110 patients were studied; 44.5% were children. HPV was detected in 34 cases (30.9% [CI95% 22.4- 40.4]), 22 (44.9%) were children and 12 (19.7%) adolescents. Eleven (91.7%) adolescents had a history of sexual con tact (p < 0.005); 4 (18.2%) children disclosed sexual abuse. HPV was found in 25% of patients with genital lesions and 50% with perianal lesions (p < 0.015). The most frequent genotypes were 59, 58, 16, 18, 6, and 11. Only low-risk genotypes were detected in children and high-risk genotypes were detected in 11/12 (91.7%) of HPV (+) adolescents. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HPV infection was 30%. In adolescents, the infection was related to sexual contact and high-risk HPV. In children, it was associated with low-risk genotypes. Perianal lesions are more frequently associated with HPV infec tion than genital lesions in children and adolescents. The visual inspection does not allow to specify the etiology of the genital lesions, so it is necessary to perform a PCR test for HPV.


Assuntos
Infecções por Papillomavirus , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Papillomavirus Humano , Estudos Transversais , Papillomaviridae/genética
3.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 81(6): 523-530, dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-583038

RESUMO

Infantile Hemangiomas (IH) are common vascular tumors in children. Only 10-15 percent) should be treated by any vital, functional or aesthetic complications. Oral corticosteroids are the treatment of choice. However, in the last two years an excellent response to treatment of hemangiomas with oral Propranolol has been reported. Objective: evaluate this new therapy in a limited number of chilean patients with IH with an indication of systemic treatment and present this experience. Patients and Methods: We present 30 cases of IH treated at our institution with oral Propranolol, using a dose of 2 mg/kg/day divided in 2 daily doses. Results: 11 percent of patients were female, 40 percent hemangiomas had segmental distribution, 90 percent were solitary, 61 percent were located in the head and neck and 23 percent were ulcerated. The treatment started at an average of 119 days of life and lasted for an average of 7 months. In all our patients the use of Propranolol accelerated the onset of involution of the hemangiomas and decreased color, brightness and growth too. 43 percent of the patients had irritability and sleep disorders. No significant adverse effects were reported in any of our patients. Conclusión: Propranolol treatment was highly effective and safe in our series of patients and we propose, taking into account published reports based on this data, it should become the treatment of choice for IH.


Los Hemangiomas de la Infancia (HI) son tumores vasculares frecuentes en la edad pediátrica. Sólo un 10-15 por cientoo debe ser tratado por eventuales consecuencias vitales, funcionales o estéticas. Los corticoides orales son el tratamiento de elección actual. Sin embargo, en los últimos 2 años se ha reportado la excelente respuesta de los hemangiomas al tratamiento con Propranolol oral. Objetivo: Evaluar esta nueva terapéutica en un número limitado de pacientes Chilenos con hemangiomas de la infancia con indicación de tratamiento sistémico y presentar esta experiencia. Pacientes y Método: Presentamos 30 casos de HI tratados en nuestra institución con Propranolol oral, usando una dosis de 2 mg/kg/día en 2 tomas diarias. Resultados: Un 77 por ciento de los pacientes eran de sexo femenino. El 40 por ciento de los hemangiomas eran segmentarios, 90 por ciento eran únicos, 67 por ciento estaban ubicados en cabeza y cuello y 23 por ciento estaban ulcerados. El tratamiento se inició en promedio a los 119 días de vida y duró en promedio 7 meses. En la totalidad de nuestros pacientes el uso de Propranolol aceleró el inicio de la involución del hemangioma y disminuyó el color, brillo y crecimiento. El 43 por ciento de los pacientes presentó irritabilidad y trastornos del sueño. No se presentaron efectos adversos importantes en ninguno de nuestros pacientes. Conclusión: El tratamiento con Propranolol fue altamente efectivo y seguro en nuestra serie de pacientes y proponemos, tomando en cuenta los reportes publicados al respecto, que debiera ser el tratamiento de elección para los hemangiomas de la infancia.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapêutico , Hemangioma/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Torácicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/tratamento farmacológico , Propranolol/uso terapêutico , Administração Oral , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/administração & dosagem , Propranolol/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 81(3): 241-245, jun. 2010. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-563807

RESUMO

Congenital Cutis Marmorata Telangiectasia (CCMT) is a skin vascular malformation of low flow compromi-sing venous and capillary vessels. Of unknown origin, it shows in an estimated 1/3 000 births. In over 90 percent of cases it can be seen since birth, although it can appear on the first few days after. Clinical manisfestation includes poorly defined reticular erythematopurpureal maculae, frequently associated to ßreas of segmental, asymetric skin atrophy, most often seen in the lower extremitie. The diagnosis is mostly clinical, important to make as it is associated in 30 percent) of cases to other congenital abnormalities. No specific treatment is required, with spontaneous resolution. Prognosis is good, depending on the associated malformations. Four patients are described in this paper, as a reminder of the clinical entity.


El Cutis Marmorata Telangiectático Congénito (CMTC) es un tipo de malformación vascular cutánea de bajo flujo que compromete vasos capilares y venosos. Su causa es desconocida y tiene una incidencia estimada de 1/3 000 recién nacidos. En más del 90 por ciento> de los casos se presenta desde el nacimiento. Sin embargo, también puede aparecer en los primeros días de vida. Clínicamente se observan máculas eritematovioláceas, de aspecto reticulado, de bordes mal definidos, asociado frecuentemente a zonas de atrofia cutánea, de distribución segmentaria, asimétricas. Se ubican de preferencia en las extremidades, siendo las inferiores las más afectadas. El diagnóstico es fundamentalmente clínico y su importancia radica en que aproximadamente el 30 por ciento> de los casos se asocia a otras anomalías congénitas, la mayoría de carácter leve. No tiene un tratamiento específico, ya que evoluciona en poco tiempo a la resolución en forma espontánea. El pronóstico es generalmente bueno, aunque depende de las anomalías asociadas. En este artículo se presentan cuatro pacientes cuya historia clínica es compatible con este diagnóstico, para dar a conocer esta entidad clínica a los pediatras.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Dermatopatias Vasculares/congênito , Dermatopatias Vasculares/diagnóstico , Telangiectasia/congênito , Telangiectasia/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Dermatopatias Vasculares/terapia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Telangiectasia/terapia
6.
Rev Chilena Infectol ; 25(4): 277-82, 2008 Aug.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18769774

RESUMO

Children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may develop severe, refractory mucocutaneous manifestations that may be the initiating symptom of HIV infection. In this study we examined the skin of all HIV positive children receiving medical care in the public health care system in Santiago, Chile. We detected mucocutaneous manifestations in 37/66 (56%) children from 7 months to 12 years of age. The most commonly encountered dermatologic manifestations were of infectious origin, mostly fungal (7.5%) and viral (7.5%) infections. With the increase in pediatric HIV patients worldwide, it is important to recognize skin manifestations of HIV positive children. This is the first published series of skin diseases in HIV positive children in Chile.


Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/epidemiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chile/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Masculino , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/imunologia , Carga Viral
7.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 25(4): 277-282, ago. 2008. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-490643

RESUMO

Children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may develop severe, refractary mucocutaneous manifestations that may be the initiating symptom of HIV infection. In this study we examined the skin of all HIV positive children receiving medical care in the public health care system in Santiago, Chile,. We detected mucocutaneous manifestations in 37/66 (56 percent) children from 7 months to 12 years of age. The most commonly encountered dermatologic manifestations were of infectious origin, mostly fungal (7.5 percent) and viral (7.5 percent) infections. With the increase in pediatric HIV patients worldwide, it is important to recognize skin manifestations of HIV positive children. This is the first published series of skin diseases in HIV positive children in Chile.


Los niños infectados por el virus de la inmunode-ficiencia humana, VIH, pueden presentar variadas manifestaciones mucocutáneas, muchas veces más graves y más difíciles de tratar que las de los niños sanos. Los trastornos de la piel o de las mucosas pueden proporcionar un indicador temprano de infección pediátrica por VIH. Para este estudio fueron examinados todos los niños infectados con VIH, atendidos en el sistema público de salud en Santiago de Chile. Registramos 66 niños con rango de edades entre 7 meses y 12 años. Las manifestaciones muco-cutáneas fueron encontradas en 37 (56 por ciento). Los hallazgos dermatológicos más observados fueron las enfermedades infecciosas, de las cuales las infecciones micóticas y virales fueron las más frecuentes. Con el aumento del número de pacientes pediátricos infectados por el VIH en el mundo, es muy importante reconocer las manifestaciones cutáneas, ya que pueden permitir realizar un diagnóstico precoz de la infección por VIH. Este es la primera serie clínica publicada acerca de las enfermedades de la piel en niños con infección por VIH en Chile.


Assuntos
Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/epidemiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/imunologia , /imunologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Incidência , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/imunologia , Carga Viral
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